贵州绥阳麻黄洞非典型钟乳石的演化过程

范宝祥; 周忠发; 安丹; 闫利会; 郑维熙; 朱粲粲

doi:10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2021.06.05

贵州绥阳麻黄洞非典型钟乳石的演化过程

范宝祥^1,2,,
周忠发^{1,2, ,},
安丹^1,2,
闫利会^1,2,
郑维熙^1,2,
朱粲粲^1,2

- 1.
  贵州师范大学喀斯特研究院/地理与环境科学学院, 贵州贵阳 550001
- 2.
  贵州省喀斯特山地生态环境国家重点实验室培育基地, 贵州贵阳 550001
基金项目:
贵州省科技计划项目（批准号：黔科合基础[2020]1Y154）、贵州师范大学资助博士科研项目（批准号：GZNUD[2017]6号）、国家自然科学基金项目（批准号：41361081和41661088）和贵州省高层次创新型人才培养计划（批准号：黔科合平台人才[2016]5674）共同资助

详细信息

作者简介:
范宝祥, 男, 28岁, 硕士研究生, 自然地理学专业, E-mail: fantx101026@163.com

通讯作者: 周忠发, E-mail: fa6897@163.com

中图分类号: P931.5

收稿日期: 2020-12-20

修回日期: 2021-03-11

刊出日期: 2021-11-30

The evolution process of atypical stalactites in Mahuang Cave, Suiyang County, Guizhou Province

FAN Baoxiang^1,2,,
ZHOU Zhongfa^{1,2, ,},
AN Dan^1,2,
YAN Lihui^1,2,
ZHENG Weixi^1,2,
ZHU Cancan^1,2

- 1.
  School of Karst Science/School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou
- 2.
  The State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Karst Mountain Ecology Environment of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHOU Zhongfa, E-mail: fa6897@163.com

Received Date: 20 December 2020

Revised Date: 11 March 2021

Publish Date: 30 November 2021

摘要

摘要:
通过对贵州绥阳麻黄洞洞内6处非典型钟乳石进行详细测量和统计学定量分析，描述其发育形态和空间分布特征，并探讨其形成演化过程及影响因素。主要结论为：从发育形态上看，麻黄洞洞内非典型钟乳石共计分布6处，最大面积5.06 m²，最小0.18 m²，由于洞道结构的差异性及洞穴风的作用，非典型钟乳石的生长方向各有不同，但主要方向与洞道的走向呈近似平行状态；发育过程来看，麻黄洞非典型钟乳石的形成主要是附着于洞穴顶板的基岩或已形成的洞穴次生化学沉积物表面，由滴水在洞穴风的影响下不断进行脱气沉积而形成；总体上，麻黄洞洞内非典型钟乳石的形成主要是水动力条件、基岩性质、洞道结构及风动力条件等因素耦合的作用，其中，洞穴风是形成非典型钟乳石的主要动力。
- 麻黄洞 /
- 演化过程 /
- 非典型钟乳石 /
- 影响因素 /
- 贵州
Abstract:
This paper measured and conducted a quantitative statistical analysis of 6 atypical stalactites in the Mahuang Cave(28°08'00″~28°20'00″N, 107°02'30″~107°25'00″E), a forming cave in Loushanguan Formation of Middle-Upper Cambrian Series, Guizhou Province. After describing morphological characteristics and spatial distribution, the paper discussed the evolutionary process and influencing factors of its formation. It was concluded that there were a total of 6 atypical stalactites in the Mahuang Cave, with a maximum area of 5.06 m² and a minimum of 0.18 m². The growth direction of atypical stalactites was mainly concentrated in two groups, 0°~66°(NNE)and 227°~226°(SW), and the overall orientation of the cave channel was 205°~220°, which showed that the growth direction of atypical stalactites was mainly parallel to the direction of the tunnel. The formation of atypical stalactites in the Mahuang Cave was mainly due to the continuous degassing deposition of dripping water on the surface of bedrock attached to the roof or on the formed secondary cave chemical deposits of the cave under the influence of cave wind, thus forming atypical stalactites, indicating that there were dripping points in the 6 atypical stalactites, and the carbon dioxide concentration in the dripping water was greater than in the cave air for a long period. The wind dynamic conditions formed by atypical stalactites were a good indicator of the ventilation conditions at different monitoring points in the tunnel and the overall ventilation status of the cave. The deposition direction of atypical stalactites in the cave indicated that the restricted ventilation dominated the Mahuang Cave. Overall, the formation of atypical stalactites in the Mahuang Cave resulted from the coupling of hydrodynamic conditions, bedrock properties, tunnel structure, and wind dynamic conditions. Among them, cave wind was the main driving force for the formation of atypical stalactites.
- Mahuang Cave /
- evolutionary process /
- atypical stalactites /
- influencing factors /
- Guizhou

HTML全文

图 1

麻黄洞位置、洞道特征及非典型钟乳石分布位置

Figure 1.

Location, features of Mahuang Cave tunnel and distribution of atypical stalactites

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图 2

非典型钟乳石照片

Figure 2.

Photo of atypical stalactites

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图 3

监测点风速图

Figure 3.

Wind speed chart of monitoring point

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图 4

非典型钟乳石的走向和洞道走向

Figure 4.

Trend of atypical stalactites and bedrock joint trend

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图 5

非典型钟乳石的演化过程

Figure 5.

Evolution process of atypical stalactites

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图 6

洞穴内空气、水的CO₂分压图

Figure 6.

CO₂ partial pressure diagram of air and water in the cave

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图 7

监测点结构示意图

Figure 7.

Schematic diagram of the monitoring point structure

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图 8

洞内外虚拟温差图

Figure 8.

Virtual temperature difference map inside and outside the cave

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表 1

非典型钟乳石分布面积基本参数

Table 1.

Basic parameters of atypical stalactites distribution area

监测点	长度(m)	宽度(m)	分布面积(m²)
1#(风口1)	0.50	0.20	1.00
2#(风口2)	1.20	0.60	0.72
3#(陡坎)	1.40	0.60	0.84
4#(高位瀑布)	0.60	0.30	0.18
5#(水道)	0.40	9.00	3.60
6#(3^*滴水点)	1.10	4.60	5.06

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表 2

麻黄洞3^*滴水点滴水基本参数(mg/L)

Table 2.

The basic parameters of 3^* drip water in Mahuang Cave

时间	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca⁺	Mg⁺	Sr⁺	HCO₃^-	CL^-	So₄^2-	NO₃^-	水温	pH	SIc
5月	0.02	0.05	1.46	0.50	0.01	102.00	0.07	0.15	0.18	13.63	8.35	0.78
10月	0.02	0.04	1.46	0.51	0.01	138.00	0.07	0.13	0.20	14.56	8.06	0.55

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表 3

麻黄洞3^*滴水点滴量(ml/s)

Table 3.

Drip volume of 3^* drip water in Mahuang Cave

时间	2018年		2019
时间	11	12	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
滴量	1.27	2.60	2.23	2.12	2.40	3.67	3.17	2.00	2.83	2.67	1.67	1.89

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表 4

监测点的洞道结构参数

Table 4.

Tunnel structure parameters at monitoring points

采样点	长度(m)	宽度(m)	洞高(m)	坡度(°)
1#(风口1)	4.210	3.518	1.953	4.7
2#(风口2)	15.028	2.284	3.676	1.4
2#(风口2)尾部	—	6.766	6.318	—
3#(陡坎)	13.383	1.097	8.803	20.1
3#(陡坎)尾部	—	2.639	8.414	—
4#(高位瀑布)	4.553	1.137	6.493	0
4#(高位瀑布)尾部	—	3.254	8.690	—
5#(水道)	17.788	11.131	1.372	-9.0
5#(水道)尾部	—	8.805	3.604	—
6#(3^*滴水点)	13.720	10.535	1.886	0
6#(3^*滴水点)尾部	—	10.413	2.547	—

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贵州绥阳麻黄洞非典型钟乳石的演化过程

作者简介: 范宝祥, 男, 28岁, 硕士研究生, 自然地理学专业, E-mail: fantx101026@163.com

通讯作者: 周忠发, E-mail: fa6897@163.com

The evolution process of atypical stalactites in Mahuang Cave, Suiyang County, Guizhou Province

Corresponding author: ZHOU Zhongfa, E-mail: fa6897@163.com

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作者简介:
范宝祥, 男, 28岁, 硕士研究生, 自然地理学专业, E-mail: fantx101026@163.com